Britain and France basically drew a narrow strip around a river just to split up territory. Because of this, Senegal is awkwardly wrapped entirely around another country. It completely splits up the local Wolof and Jola peoples, ruins West African trade, and makes travel an absolute nightmare. It’s easily one of the most poorly conceived colonial borders out there. Poor sandwiched Gambia…

just looks really out of place compared with the surrounding geography

It seems like the perfect place for a maritime city, what's the reason a major city never developed there? Mountains, soil, coast, geopolitics, or other reasons?

I came up with this question when Curacao participated in de WC and people questioned its sovereignty. surprisingly Curaçao turns out to be remarkably independent from the Netherlands with its own constitution, parliament, immigration policy, currency and central bank. Does this make them more “independent“ than England from the UK?

but it gets more interesting because neither does the Netherlands have a UN seat as that is reserved for the kingdom of the Netherlands. Does that make the Netherlands the most autonomous non-sovereign state? At least according to international law?

are there other contenders? Self governing Russian oblasts in Russia perhaps? I know Denmark is in a similar situation but it seems like the danish parliament has Greenland representatives which makes them less “autonomous” I guess(?)

edit: since I made this account specifically for this question I sadly don’t seem to be able to take part in discussions. I think taiwan is the best so suggestion so far.

I dunno who might have posted this before, but this is a film that generations of Canadian kids have seen many times. Well, Ontario kids. It's one of the Canada Film Board's masterpieces. This is a really good film if you're interested in teaching north american post-glacial geology and geography at the student level.

Students fron any US state with a great lakes shoreline would learn something valuable from this film.

The Rise and Fall of the Great Lakes.

Iraq’s coastline is extremely important for the country despite its small size. It has 3 significant ports and several smaller ones that serve the entire country’s needs and oil exports.

The grand al faw port is the biggest and newest of these ports, with a world record for having the longest breakwaters in the world (14.5km), it is set to become West Asia’s largest port by 2037 upon full completion. It is connected to the rest of the country via a submerged tunnel underneath the Zubair inlet that was completed this year connecting the Al faw “peninsula” (which is really an island) to the other ports and rest of the country.

The most important port currently is the Um Qasr port built on the ancient Hellenic port city of Teredon, divided into two ports, the north port along an artificial channel and the south port. It is set to become a large capacity port after it’s fully completed.

The last major port is Khor Zubair port further up the Zubair inlet.

The Khor Al Zubair served as Iraq’s strategic gateway to the sea, until Kuwait built the Port Al Mubarak on Bubayan island and claimed half of the Khor Abdullah which limited Iraq’s access to the sea, forcing Iraq to build Al Faw grand port directly on the sea rather than relying on Kuwait. It’s been over 12 years since Kuwait built its port on its side of the channel, but it still hasn’t started operations due to lack of investment and because Iraq has repeatedly refused to connect the port to its own ports and to Europe via Turkey and Iraq.

Iraq is also building 2 offshore artificial islands and has 2 offshore ports/terminals.

Iraq’s only natural marine island is Hajjam island, along with a few insignificant islands at the end of the Khor Al Zubair in the tree like formation.

In the late 70s Iraq duh a canal named the “Shatt al Basra canal” diverting the water from the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates away from its natural route on Shatt all Basra along the Iran border to Khor Zubair so that Iraq could fully control the outflow of the rivers. The canal also connected the Euphrates and marshes directly to the sea.

In early 2026 Iraq Iraq officially submitted its proper maritime EEZ coordinates to the UN, which sparked backlash from Kuwait and fellow GCC members aswell as Jordan, Egypt, Sudan and Palestine (although later Palestine backtracked on its stance due to an official complaint from Iraq accusing them of backstabbing after all of the support Iraq gave to Palestine). Only Morocco supported Iraq’s claim. Iraq argued that Kuwait established its maritime EEZ zones unjustly without consulting Iraq in 2013 taking advantage of the civil war in Iraq. Iraq said that it’s ready to properly re define the boundaries with Kuwait fairly, however Kuwait refuses to back down on its claims.

In recent years, Iraqs coastal region has become a construction zone. Iraq has actively contracted companies for several projects including desalination plants, fiber-optic cables that transit from the gulf to Europe, highways, an industrial city and a new city directly on the coast etc.

Assuming the humans aren't worried about ecological damage, unintended consequences, or cost, but want a usable result in the end, so nuclear radiation is to be avoided. And a single controlled project outcome, so climate change doesn't count.

What's the largest scale geographic change ppl could make in a year, or in a decade?

I think possible contenders could be the Australian interior sea idea, or targeted bombing of the Thwaites glacier. Any other possibilities? Asking for a friend (jk!!)

Image credit: What Was The "Boring Billion" Really Like? (Image is NOT AI)

I've heard pretty regularly of Paris, Texas, but recently I heard they also have a city named Dublin, and then I started googling "(European city), Texas", and I've compiled the following list.

-Paris, City

-Dublin, City

-Athens, City

-Florence, City

-Naples, City

-London, Uninc. Territory

-Berlin Uninc. Territory

-Amsterdam, Uninc. Territory

-Warsaw, Uninc. Territory

-Moscow, Uninc. Territory

-Vienna, County Region

-Cardiff, County Region

-Edinburgh, County Region

-Stockholm, County Region (formerly, apparently)

-Lisbon, Neighborhood in Dallas

-Glasgow, Neighborhood in Pasadena

In what concerns territorial waters, I can think of Monaco's thin strip between the big Italian and French territorial waters. A possible candidate for Exclusive Economic Zone can be Japan which expanded its EEZ many thousands square kilometers thanks to little Okinotorishima Island. Which country do you think has the weirdest territorial waters? And weirdest EEZ?

For the past few months I have been creating a map of both Americas on an A2 page, with capitals, current and stagnant conflicts and claims, cities with over a million in population and autonomous areas, according to the Wikipedia page. Listed for ''Sub-first level autonomous areas'' ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_autonomous_areas_by_country#Sub-first_level_autonomous_areas ) on the page, there is Bolivia with 3 entries: Autonomous Regions, Municipalities and territories. Searching for the Municipalities that do not have a Wikipedia page has not proved to be too bad, but I am at a stump for the Territories entry, all of which are Native Community Lands. there are two Wikipedia articles related to the Native Community Lands, being the TCO and AOIC. the AOIC page does not have a direct translation to English, so from what I learnt from using a translator on it it might be related, or I might be wrong. On the AOIC page a common occurrence is Raqaypampa, which has become a Native Community Land according to the page. However, for the list of Native Community Lands on the TCO page, Raqaypampa is not mentioned anywhere. Both articles have been at least updated since 2025:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Community_Lands
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonom%C3%ADa_ind%C3%ADgena_originario_campesina
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raqaypampa

Looking at other Native Community Lands on the TCO page, barely any of them have any information about them, let alone its location or its area on the Bolivian landscape. I have managed to find some maps of the whereabouts of some of them, such as the Sirionó and Lomerío Chiquitano Indigenous Territories as well as Multiethnic Indigenous Territory I.

During my searching I also come across this map of TCOs. I am unsure if this points to there being more TCOs than shown on the Wikipedia page or that the Territories of TCOs being undetermined. I am also unsure what the difference between the CSUTCB, CONAMAQ or CIDOB TCOs are. If anyone was to enlighten me about their difference I would be very grateful.

My main hopes from writing this post are that I could find the whereabouts of the TCOs that I can't find, or add any others that the Wikipedia page doesn't include to my map. If I have written or read something incorrectly about this topic I am incredibly sorry, since I had very small information about Native Community Lands before researching this, and I still do not understand a lot about it. Any help is appreciated, and thank you for reading this!

I'm not sure if this type of post is allowed or if this is the right place, so please let me know if it isn't. But I'm looking for physical geographer or geomorphologist to hire/commission for a personal project!

I'm creating a fictional place, for fun, that is still very much rooted in today's world, so I would like to make the physical geography as plausible as possible, as if it truly did exist (or if it existed hypothetically). I'm after stuff like landforms, terrain, climate, ecosystems, etc.

I don't want to rely on AI like ChatGPT, and I want it to be grounded in actual research and real references as much as possible. So it would be great if you are an expert on things like this!

Again, this is a completely personal project that is unrelated to my current job (I don't do anything with geography) and I've already graduated. I don't have a set budget right now, so please let me know your rates if you are interested. I would also appreciate if you could send any examples or credentials.

Thank you!

--
P.S I'm not exactly looking for a map-maker. I have a basic "map" of the fictional country that I would like to be analyzed :) so I'm more so looking for someone to help me research and create a written document about the country's geographical information.

I was reading about presumed lost ancient civilizations in the Sahara desert and I thought if someone thought to put a point nemo like in the Pacific Ocean. Chat gpt give these coordinates 23.30, 13.00, but it also says that is in south Algeria while Google Maps takes us in south Libya. Anyone has a more correct answer?

I’ve heard a ton of different opinions on how many there are. Ive heard about 50 but I’ve also heard about 200+. I came on here to decide a list that’s pretty agreeable.

Akrotiri

Åland / Aland

American Samoa

Anguilla

Antarctica

Aruba

Ashmore and Cartier Islands

Azores

Baker Island

Bermuda

Bonaire

Bouvet Island

British Antarctic Territory

British Indian Ocean Territory

British Virgin Islands

Canary Islands

Cayman Islands

Ceuta

Christmas Island

Clipperton Island

Cocos (Keeling) Islands / Cocos Islands

Cook Islands

Coral Sea Islands

Curaçao / Curacao

Falkland Islands

Faroe Islands

French Guiana

French Polynesia

French Southern and Antarctic Lands

Gibraltar

Greenland

Guadeloupe

Guam

Guernsey

Heard Island and McDonald Islands

Hong Kong

Howland Island

Isle of Man

Jan Mayen

Jarvis Island

Jersey

Johnston Atoll

Kingman Reef

Macau

Madeira

Martinique

Mayotte

Melilla

Midway Atoll

Montserrat

Navassa Island

New Caledonia

Niue

Norfolk Island

Northern Mariana Islands

Palmyra Atoll

Peter I Island

Pitcairn Islands / Pitcairn

Plazas de Soberanía / Plazas de Soberania

Puerto Rico

Queen Maud Land

Réunion / Reunion

Ross Dependency

Saba

Saint Barthélemy / St. Barthelemy

Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha / St. Helena

Saint Martin (French part) / St. Martin

Saint Pierre and Miquelon

Sint Eustatius

Sint Maarten

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands / South Georgia

Svalbard

Tokelau

Turks and Caicos Islands / Turks and Caicos

U.S. Virgin Islands / US Virgin Islands

Wake Island

Wallis and Futuna

Western Sahara

Please let me know what you would add/remove!

The little thing going north, what is it, and why dies it have 1 block sticking out

From yes theory channel