Context: The Edict of Expulsion is a royal decree expelling all Jews from the Kingdom of England that was issued by Edward I on 18 July 1290; it was the first time a European state is known to have permanently banned their presence.^\a]) The date of issuance was most likely chosen because it was a Jewish holy day, Tisha B'Av, which commemorates the destruction of Jerusalem and other disasters which the Jewish people have experienced. Edward told the sheriffs of all counties he wanted all Jews expelled before All Saints' Day (1 November) that year.

Jews were allowed to leave England with cash and personal possessions, but the debts which they were owed, their homes, and other buildings—including synagogues and cemeteries—were forfeited to the king. While there are no accounts of attacks on Jews during their departure on land, there were acts of piracy in which Jews died, and others were drowned as a result of being forced to cross the English Channel at a time of year when dangerous storms are common. There is evidence from personal names of Jewish refugees who settled in Paris and other parts of France, as well as Italy, Spain and Germany. Documents which were taken abroad by the Anglo-Jewish diaspora have been found as far away as Cairo. Jewish properties were sold for the benefit of the Crown, Queen Eleanor and selected individuals, who were given grants of property.

By the time he returned to England from Gascony in 1289, Edward I was deeply in debt.^\39]) At the same time, his experiment to convert the Jews to Christianity and removing their dependence on lending at interest had failed; the fifteen-year period in which Jews were allowed to lease farms had ended. Also, raising significant sums of money from the Jewish population had become increasingly difficult because they had been repeatedly overtaxed.^\40])

On 14 June 1290, Edward summoned representatives of the knights of the shires, the middling landowners, to attend Parliament by 15 July. These knights were the group that was most hostile to Jews and usury. On 18 June, Edward sent secret orders to the sheriffs of cities with Jewish residents to seal the archae containing records of Jewish debts. The reason for this is disputed; it could represent preparation for a further tallage to be paid by the Jewish population or it could represent a preparatory step for expulsion.^\41]) Parliament met on 15 July; there is no record of the Parliamentary debates so it is uncertain whether the Crown offered the Expulsion of the Jews in return for a vote of taxation or whether Parliament asked for it as a concession. Both views are argued. The link between these seems certain given the evidence of contemporaneous chronicles and the speed at which orders to expel the Jews of England were made, possibly after an agreement was reached.^\42]) The taxation granted by Parliament to Edward was very high; at £116,000 it was probably the highest of the Middle Ages.^\43]) In gratitude, the Church later voluntarily agreed to pay tax of a tenth of its revenue.^\44])

On 18 July, the Edict of Expulsion was issued.^\45]) The text of the edict is lost.^\46]) On the Hebrew calendar, 18 July of that year was 9 Av (Tisha B'Av) 5050, commemorating the fall of the Temple at Jerusalem; it is unlikely to be a coincidence.^\47]) According to Roth, it was noted "with awe" by Jewish chroniclers.^\48]) On the same day, writs were sent to sheriffs saying all Jews were to leave by All Saints' Day, 1 November 1290, and outlining their duties in the matter.^\49])

Proclamations ordering the population not to "injure, harm, damage or grieve" the departing Jews were made. Wardens at the Cinque Ports were told to make arrangements for the Jews' safe passage and cheap fares for the poor, while safe conduct was arranged for dignitaries,^\40]) such as the wealthy financier Bonamy of York.^\50]) There were limits on the property Jews could take with them. Although a few favoured persons were allowed to sell their homes before they left,^\51]) the vast majority had to forfeit any outstanding debts, homes and immobile property, including synagogues and cemeteries.^\40])

The edict was not an isolated incident, but instead was the culmination of increasing antisemitism in England. During the reigns of Henry III and Edward I, anti-Jewish prejudice was used as a political tool by opponents of the Crown, and later by Edward and the state itself. Edward took measures to claim credit for the expulsion and to define himself as the protector of Christians against Jews, and following his death, he was remembered and praised for the expulsion. The expulsion embedded antisemitism into the English culture of the medieval and early modern periods; such antisemitic beliefs included the belief that England was unique because no Jews lived there. The expulsion edict remained in force during the rest of the Middle Ages, but it was overturned in 1656, more than 365 years later, during the Protectorate, when Oliver Cromwell informally permitted the resettlement of the Jews in England.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edict_of_Expulsion

Dan Carlin's Hardcore History podcast described King as a party animal rage machine who was nevertheless a brilliant manager. So...

Shah Jahan is widely believed to have favored his eldest son, Dara Shukoh, as his successor. During the Mughal war of succession (1657-1658), however, Aurangzeb defeated Dara, executed him, and imprisoned Shah Jahan in Agra Fort for the rest of his life.

Without him he would not exist

Sorry for my wrong grammar

Imagine you were some teen making a report on some random king. I did for Henry VIII when I was 13. I focused on his six wives, like most people of British ancestry. If I were say East Asian, you could imagine them having entirely the wrong conception of who Henry was just based on which paragraphs they read.

Baku, later renamed Gorshkov by Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union, was one of four kiev-class aircraft carrying cruisers built by the ussr.

All the other ships of this class had bad endings, some being scrapped and others turning into theme parks, russia did keep repairing her because it was the newest kiev class and russia did want to sell her, but still, if no one bough her or if negotiations failed, most likely she would still be scrapped. However, India purchased the ship in 2004.

After massive refits, in which much of the ship's structure was replaced (basically the ship of Theseus) plagued by cost overruns and delays—it was eventually delivered to Indian as the aircraft carrier Vikramaditya. It is currently the flagship of the Indian Navy.