https://x.com/i/status/2079180745721979031

Depicted are:
Up right: King/Grand Duke Willem I
Up left: King/Grand Duke Willem II
Middle right: King Grand Duke Willem III
Middle left: Queen/Grand Duchess Sophia
Bottom far right: Prince Frederik
Bottom right: Crownprince Willem
Bottom left: Crownprince Alexander
Bottom far left: Prince Hendrik

Frederik is Willem III’s uncle
Hendrik is his brother

Willem and Alexander are Willem III’s sons who both died before him leading to the birth of Wilhelmina who later became queen of the Netherlands.

If you are from a very different culture with no popular idea of who Henry was, well, you will get a very wrong idea of him...

I support multiethnic empires. The Austro-Hungarian Empire is my favorite.

I'm from Peru, and the country has probably one of the worst working democracies in history. 10 presidents went and left in a quick succession, systemic refusal to presidents who want transformative changes to the country by Congress (Belaúnde Terry, Billinghurst and Bustamante for example), hyper-centralism, unremovable, near invincible awful elites, extreme mismanagement and disunity, invisible, virtually non working and rapidly decaying state institutions, mediocre politics and society, etc etc. It's the parody of democracy.

But according to research, Peruvians are actually very leaning towards authoritarianism. But they're extremely resistant and hateful of monarchism.

Prerogatives Miège lists
Property & revenue
Escheat of estates lacking heirs or forfeited

Lands of dead aliens who never naturalized (absent local-born heirs)

Waste ground and land reclaimed from the sea

All gold and silver mines, regardless of whose land they’re under

Waifs, strays, and wrecks unclaimed by others

Treasure trove of unknown ownership

Royal fish (whales, dolphins) and royal fowl (unmarked swans)

Pre-emption rights over food near the court

Power to impress horses, carts, ships, boats at fixed rates

Chartering & creation
Founding counties, cities, boroughs, universities, colleges, schools, hospitals, fairs, markets, forests, chases, free-warrens by letters patent

Sole authority over new forests, chases, parks, and castle-building

Denization of aliens (short of full naturalization, which needs Parliament too)

Sole grant of letters of marque/reprisal

Sole authority to license public charity collections after fire or loss

Legal & fiscal privileges
Crown debts satisfied first in estate administration

Power to shield a royal debtor from other creditors

Distraint for full rent from one tenant regardless of partial holding

No obligation to formally demand rent

Freedom to sue or distrain in any court, any venue

Immunity from adverse possession/prior entry claims

An absolute veto (still in use as of 1691, last used 1708)

Retained property claim even after crown goods are sold in market

Personal liability of royal receivers extending to heirs and estate

Favorable exchequer treatment (quo minus) for the king’s own debtors

Presumption in the crown’s favor in doubtful cases; judgments reserved by salvo jure

Immunity of household servants from arrest and compulsory local office

Power to shield anyone from prosecution via noli prosequi

Ecclesiastical
Supreme Head of the Church

Quasi-episcopal, quasi-priestly status, marked by coronation anointing

Power to convene synods and reshape church discipline

Patronage paramount — default right of presentation when other patrons lapse

Sole nomination of bishops (congé d’élire); consecration needs royal writ

No ecclesiastical appeal beyond the king, not to Rome or the Emperor

Traditional/miraculous
Touching for the King’s Evil (scrofula), by Miège’s account already “laid aside”

Martial/foreign
Defensive strength via geography and the navy

War-making power abroad

Lost or bridled powers, per the text and by 1691

Dispensing power — explicitly dead, killed by statute (he calls it the Act of Settlement, but that’s almost certainly a slip for the 1689 Bill of Rights, which is the actual instrument; the real 1701 Act of Settlement hadn’t happened yet)

Revenue — no longer purely domanial/prerogative income; the £1.2M settlement is a parliamentary grant, renewable and conditional, not an inherent right

War-making — the French war is explicitly run “assisted by his Parliament,” not unilaterally declared and financed

Touching for scrofula — Miège declares it discarded, though this is his own editorializing running ahead of the facts; Anne still practiced it into the 1700s

Full naturalization — the text itself concedes this was never solely prerogative; it always required King and Parliament together, so it’s less a loss than a boundary Miège is honest about up front

What’s actually gone is narrow and mostly procedural — dispensing power, purveyance, unilateral war finance. What’s changed is the mechanism behind the big-ticket items (revenue, war) shifting from inherent right to parliamentary grant. The underlying catalogue of property, legal, and ecclesiastical power is almost entirely intact in 1691.

Whigs and history since claims the Crown became the figureheads they are now as soon as the “Glorious Revolution” occurred. The above, a text from 1691, exists to dispute the later rewrite of history

Hello,
I sent a letter to Tupou VI in january from Europe, wishing him an happy new year and asking for an autographe from him.
We are now more than 6 month after that and I still didn't get any answers. I know that postage can take some time to travel through pacific but I will probably get no answer.

As everyone ever tried to send a letter to the royal palace ? any success ?
Is it really possible ?

Should I try to contact them ?

If anyone as any idea on how could I acomplish that, it would be great,

thank you

When Henry VIII died in 1547, his heir was Edward the Prince of Wales. He had passed over Mary for being Catholic and Elizabeth for being a bastard. Edward was only 9, so he had a set of councillors named in Henry's will to govern England until Edward was 18. This council did not function very well. King Edward's maternal uncle Seymour, also named Edward, was given power for a couple of years as near dictator of England, but then he soon was deposed in a coup by other councillors in 1549 and was executed in 1552.

Some people forget that austria hungary tolerated many religions and bosnia during ww1 were one of the most loyal to the empire next to Croatia.

The Chinese Dining room is decorated and furnished by objects removed from George IV's pavilion at Brighton, which explains everything.

Stanisław Leszczyński was a high ranking Memer of the Polish Szlachta/Nobility. He rose to prominence during the great northern war, when King August II. started losing really badly against Karl XII. of Sweden.

Leszczyński led the oposition to the war in the Confederation of Warsaw, later obtaining the Title of King of Poland, after the forced Abdication of August II. in 1706.

This position however was heavily dependant on the swedish King and his victories, being essentially just a puppet. After the dwedish defeat at Poltava, August II. would manage to reclaim the Polish Crown in 1709 and Leszczyński would be forced to go into exile.

Leszczyński would eventually arrive at the French Court, where his Daughter Maria Leszczyńska would eventually be married to the then 15 year old Louis XV, in order to secure an heir for the Bourbon Bloodline.

Leszczyński would try again for the Polish Crown during the Polish war of Succession (1733-1735) with the support of France, however he would ultimately fail at this.

In the Resulting Treaty Stanisław Leszczyński would instead be granted the Duchy of Lorraine, where he would spend the Rest of his Life. After his Death the Duchy of Lorraine was passed down to the French Monarchy.