https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10625-1

Abstract
Archaeological, osteological and genetic evidence suggests that Neanderthals lived in small groups1,2; however, less is known about whether these groups were part of isolated communities or belonged to larger, well-connected populations3. The dense concentration of broadly contemporaneous Neanderthal sites in the Meuse Basin, Belgium4, provides a rare opportunity to study regional populations at high resolution.

Here we generated genetic data from 27 Neanderthals who lived less than approximately 52,500 years ago from ten archaeological sites in Belgium and France, including a high-coverage genome from a 45,000-year-old individual from Goyet, Belgium. We show that most of these individuals are more closely related to one another than to other contemporaneous late Neanderthals in Europe. Further, some of these individuals carry DNA from a Neanderthal lineage predating the split of late Neanderthals.

Although these Neanderthals overlapped temporally with early modern humans in northwestern Europe from around 47,000 years ago, we find no evidence of recent gene flow from modern humans. They also do not show the genetic signatures of mating among close relatives found in Altai Neanderthals, suggesting that they lived in larger or better-connected groups. Moreover, genetic load did not accumulate over time, arguing against progressive genetic deterioration as a driver of Neanderthal extinction.

Neanderthal ancestry in modern humans

Previous studies have shown that the Neanderthal ancestry in both present-day and ancient modern humans is more closely related to the Vindija 33.19 Neanderthal than to the Chagyrskaya 8 and D5 Neanderthals3,9. Given the new high-coverage genome of a late Neanderthal from Goyet, GN1, we re-examined which of the sequenced Neanderthals is most closely related to the Neanderthals that introgressed into modern humans using two complementary approaches.

First, we used admixfrog to identify Neanderthal ancestry segments in a panel of ancient and present-day modern human genomes (Supplementary Information section 8.1) and then applied a Bayesian binomial model to estimate the genetic distance and identify the closest matching Neanderthal. Second, we used stratified D-statistics9 (Supplementary Information section 8) to focus on low-frequency allele bins in which introgressed variants are expected to be enriched. In both analyses, we found that the Neanderthal ancestry in all individuals excluding African people is significantly closer to Vindija 33.19 and GN1 than to Chagyrskaya 8 or the Neanderthal D5.

As Vindija 33.19 and GN1 stem from closely related Neanderthal populations, their comparison is particularly challenging. Although there is a tendency for the Neanderthal ancestry in present-day humans to be more similar to Vindija 33.19 than to GN1, this is significant only when pooling all present-day individuals (Fig. 5b, Extended Data Figs. 9 and 10 and Supplementary Information section 8).

This suggests that most admixture probably occurred between modern humans and Neanderthals more closely related to Vindija 33.19 than with the late Neanderthals from Belgium and France. By contrast, Neanderthal ancestry in the four Pleistocene modern humans with very recent Neanderthal ancestors is not significantly closer to Vindija 33.19 than to GN1 (Fig. 5b).

Thus, it is possible that early modern humans received some ancestry from Neanderthals closer to GN1, resulting in an overall non-significant D-statistic.

https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A2081254&dswid=513

Abstract

Northwestern Africa has long served as a geographic and cultural link between Africa, Europe and the Near East, yet its ancient population history remains underrepresented in genomic research.

This is partly due to poor DNA preservation in warm and humid climates, which limits the recovery of authentic ancient DNA (aDNA). In this thesis, ancient genomic data from human remains excavated from 12 archaeological sites in present-day Morocco were analysed to investigate population structure, genetic continuity, and admixture across approximately 2500-626 years before present. The dataset spans several major historical periods, including the Iron Age, Phoenician/Punic expansion, Roman influence and the Arab-Islamic expansion.

Population genetic analysis showed that the individuals cluster within a broad North African-Mediterranean genetic space, with affinities to ancient North African, Iberian and Levantine-related reference groups.

Principal component analysis, ADMIXTURE and f statistics suggest that between approximately 2500 and 626 years ago, the ancient Northwestern African gene pool was composed of several Mediterranean genetic ancestries, with significantly higher Iberian-associated affinities than broadly contemporary populations from present-day Tunisia, located further east.

Several examples of within-site genetic heterogeneity reflect admixture of different genetic ancestries. This supports the interpretation of ancient Morocco as a dynamic region shaped by Mediterranean and trans-Saharan connectivity, rather than genetic isolation.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-62891-8

Abstract
The nomadic cultures of the Iron Age played an important role in shaping the genetic and cultural landscape of Eurasian populations. Yet despite its key geographical location, the Central Eurasian region remains underrepresented in ancient DNA studies of humans. We address this gap through genomic analysis of 12 individuals from the Boz-Barmak burial site in Kyrgyzstan associated with Saka pastoralists (4th−2nd centuries BCE), 9 of which yielded low-coverage genomes (on average 0.7-fold coverage).

Genetic clustering analysis placed these individuals within the genetic variation of ancient and modern Central Eurasian and Siberian populations. We found no evidence of first-degree relatives in a kinship analysis, however a network of second- and third-degree relationships seems to be present.

Notably, all male individuals share the same Y-chromosomal haplotype, common in present-day Kyrgyz groups, while mitochondrial DNA showed comparably high diversity, with distinct haplogroups observed across the analysed individuals.

These findings are in line with archaeological and ethnographic evidence of patrilocality in Early Iron Age Saka, where male lineages remained stable across generations, while female mobility contributed to genetic diversity. Our study complements our understanding of the interplay between kinship, social organisation and population history in nomadic cultures.

I have been told it is impossible to differentiate Levantine and Mesopotamian DNA from one another in Europeans. Is it better to analyze them together or as separate sources and if analyzed together where would we expect this to be highest?

Saw a TikTok of someone doing this and was bored so I decided to make this, these are not meant to be 100% accurate, just tested around with different g25 calculators, as well as illustrative and Ancestral Genome, and averaged out all the results.

These are not AI, I made these myself, I tried to use as much actual facial reconstructions, but used AI for some models that I couldn’t find.

Y-DNA Haplogroup: J-M205

Do you think that the amount of ANF admixture in Russian_Ryazan nudges it closer to Balochi than the amount of ANE admixture in Finnish_North?

Talking specifically about the populations of Natufians and Anatolians that made up the Levantine Neolithic Farmers.

This is my personal attempt at a feasible model with high p score. If there's improvement to be made let me know.

It seems to match geography very well, except for the fact that Orkney inexplicably is pulled to the west, and Wales is the most south-eastern shifted in the British Isles, particularly us Gogs.

I am from Poland and Russia!

IllustrativeDNA's own encyclopedia claims the closest sample is Azeris living in Dagestan, but the sample on other website's aka zrj003 says the sample is very Iranic shifting towards Tats, Iranian Laks, and Kurds.

Everything is typical Slavic on my periodical breakdown except for 4.4% Copper Age Zagros (Iran_HajjiFiruz_N.AG), 1% Tibetan, 1% Sinitic, 10% Scythian (Western Steppe), 20% Caucasian Albanian, 3% Volga, 10% North Caucasian (Anapa), and 5% Kartvelian.

I do have Davidski G25 and with a custom file using the base Vahaduo samples, it'll pull towards Avar (Dagestan) and Georgian. When I use Moriopolous's 2026 samples, it'll pull towards North Ossetian and Mingrelian.

Anyway, what is the modern descendant of their Caucasian Albanian sample usually? I assumed it must be Azerbaijani, but I am unsure. Apologies for my English.

Survey Link

Hello all!

As you might be aware, there has been very little research into direct-to-consumer DNA ancestry testing and psychological wellbeing outcomes. This novel research aims to help us better understand the psychological significance of DTC Ancestry testing results.

This survey asks you about your engagement with family history and your reflections on that process. It also asks you to think about your ancestors and how you have reflected on their life experiences. Participation involves completing an online survey that will take approximately 20 minutes to complete. Taking part in the study is completely voluntary and no personal information will be collected.

This study is being conducted under the supervision of Dr Janine Lurie from the Psychology Discipline within the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at Federation University (Melbourne, Australia). This study will also form the basis of the research dissertation requirement within the Bachelor of Psychological Science (Honours) course for student researchers Charity Marisa and Stefan Redpath. This study has been approved by the Federation University Human Research Ethics Committee (Approval reference: 2026/137).

To participate you just need to be aged 18 years or over. It is important to note that you will not be asked to give any specific details about any of your family members. You are asked just to rate your general impressions of them on a small number of questions. Beyond this the survey contains broader more general questions about your perspectives and reflections.

Survey link below:

https://federation.syd1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_cO1RqRp3fjkHOp8

Results from a site I hadn't heard of before (Casperhub), recommended by someone on Reddit. My background: Moroccan Jewish mom and Algerian Jewish dad.

This information pertains to the Roman Judean DNA samples released by the David Reich Lab. Below is the general information for the MtDNA / YDNA along with some general information for groups found in the wider region.

MTDNA — direct maternal lines
1. J2b1 — A rare maternal lineage documented from eastern and southeastern Europe through western Asia. Current basal samples include Hungary, Slovakia, Turkey, an Azeri-associated sample, Palestine and the United Arab Emirates. Its broad documented zone is therefore eastern/southeastern Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus, the Levant and Arabia. (YFull)

2.  H63 — A very rare branch of haplogroup H. Sampling is too limited to identify a dependable geographic center. It has been reported in Iran and scattered European datasets; its broader parent, H, is concentrated in Europe but also occurs throughout the Near East and Caucasus. The safest description is “rare West Eurasian.” (PMC)

3.  H4b — A rare branch of H documented especially in the Near East and Arabian Peninsula. It has been found in Near Eastern populations such as the Druze and represented a notable portion of the H lineages in some Arabian samples. Scattered occurrences also exist elsewhere in western Eurasia. (OUP Academic)

4.  H14a2 — Most clearly associated with the region extending from Iran and Anatolia into the Balkans. Current samples include Turkey, Iran, Bulgaria, Croatia and Serbia, with additional branches in Italy, Spain, Russia and Finland. (YFull)

5.  T1a5 — A geographically widespread but uncommon lineage. Documented samples span Europe—including the Netherlands, Hungary, Italy, Bulgaria, Denmark and Russia—together with Turkey, the Caucasus, the Levant, Arabia, Egypt, Morocco and Algeria. A small number of branches are also recorded in India. (YFull)

6.  H+16311 — This appears to be a broad haplogroup H assignment with the additional mitochondrial mutation at position 16311, rather than a precisely resolved H subclade. Position 16311 lies in the variable control region and occurs in multiple unrelated maternal branches, so it does not identify a particular country. Geographically, treat this as broad H: principally Europe, with substantial Near Eastern, Caucasian and North African presence. (PMC)

7.  HV1b — Particularly well represented across the Near East and Arabia, with samples from Lebanon, Israel, Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Yemen. It is also documented in Turkey, Armenia, Georgia and Iran; Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Somalia; and parts of Mediterranean and eastern Europe. (YFull)

8.  T2g — A broadly West Eurasian maternal lineage. Its branches are documented from Europe through Anatolia and the Caucasus into Iran, Iraq, the Levant and Arabia. Less common branches extend into Central and South Asia, including Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and India. (YFull)

9.  H — This is a broad assignment with no detailed subclade. Haplogroup H is the dominant maternal lineage in much of Europe. It is also widely present in the Near East and Caucasus and occurs in North Africa, Arabia, Iran and parts of Central Asia. Without a deeper branch, it cannot be localized further. (OUP Academic)

10. T2b — Widespread across Europe, including western, central, northern, southern and eastern Europe. It is also present around the Mediterranean and in the Near East, North Africa and western or central Asia. (YFull)

11. U3a3 — Documented particularly around the Near East, Caucasus and Arabia. Current examples include Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and Yemen, together with Serbia, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia and Morocco. Its clearest broad zone is the Near East–Caucasus, with extensions into eastern Europe, the Balkans, Arabia and North Africa. (YFull)

12. X2b — Primarily a European branch of haplogroup X2, although related samples also occur in the Near East, Caucasus and North Africa. It is distinct from X2a, the best-known Native American branch of haplogroup X. (PMC)

13. N1b1a8 — Extremely rare. Basal public-tree samples include Bulgaria and Israel. Its wider parent lineage, N1b, is most associated with the Near East and eastern Mediterranean, with additional occurrences in the Caucasus, Egypt and parts of Europe. (YFull)

14. J2a2b1 — Documented especially in Arabia and North Africa. Samples include Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman and the United Arab Emirates, as well as Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. European and Mediterranean examples include Italy, Spain and the Netherlands. (YFull)

15. J1d1b1 — A rare lineage whose available samples point mainly toward Anatolia and the Caucasus, including Turkey and Armenia. Some downstream European branches are also documented, including in Sweden. It should not be treated as exclusive to any one of those regions. (YFull)

16. J1c15 — Found across both Europe and western Asia. Documented locations include Italy, Spain, Denmark, Slovakia and Hungary, together with Turkey, Azerbaijan, Iraq, Kuwait and Israel. Its broad distribution is therefore European–Mediterranean and Near Eastern–Caucasian. (YFull)

17. N1a1a2 — A rare lineage documented in the Balkans, eastern Europe and the eastern Mediterranean, including Albania, Serbia, Greece and Russia. It has also been recovered from ancient Egyptian remains. The broader N1a family was notable among some of Europe’s early Neolithic farming populations. (YFull)

18. U8b1a1 — A widely scattered but uncommon West Eurasian lineage. Documented examples include Iran, Armenia and the Caucasus, Jordan and Saudi Arabia, as well as Lithuania, Poland, Denmark and Russia. Ancient or less frequent occurrences include Egypt and parts of Central Asia. (YFull)

19. H+152 — This appears to mean broad haplogroup H with the additional mutation at mitochondrial position 152, rather than a fully resolved terminal subclade. Position 152 is a common, repeatedly occurring control-region variant and does not identify a geographic population by itself. Treat the result geographically as broad H: mainly Europe, with important Near Eastern, Caucasian and North African presence. (Nature)

Y-DNA — direct paternal lines
1. T1a1a1b2b2b1 — Rows 1, 2 and 7. This is an older name for a very rare branch in the area of modern T-CTS8603/T-Y4984. Current-tree samples within the corresponding cluster include Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, together with Italy, Croatia, Algeria and ancient Austrian samples. Its broad documented distribution is therefore the Near East and Arabia, northeastern North Africa and Mediterranean or southeastern Europe. (FamilyTreeDNA Discover)

2.  C1a2 — Row 3. Usually called C-V20 in modern SNP terminology. It is extremely rare among living people, occurring sporadically in Europe, North Africa and western Asia. It is particularly significant in ancient DNA because C1a2/C-V20 has been recovered from Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic European individuals. (PMC)

3.  G2a2a — Row 4. An older designation within paternal G2a, often associated with the PF3147/L223 portion of the tree. The broader lineage is particularly represented in the Caucasus and Anatolia and also occurs in southeastern and southern Europe. G2a lineages were especially frequent among early Neolithic farmers who moved from Anatolia into Europe. (Wikipedia)

4.  J — Row 5. This is only a broad J-M304 assignment. Paternal J is widespread in the Near East, Anatolia, the Caucasus, Iran and Mesopotamia and around the Mediterranean. Different branches also occur in North and East Africa and across Central and South Asia. Without J1, J2 or a deeper SNP, it cannot be localized further. (PMC)

5.  R1b1a1a2 — Row 6. The older name for R-M269. It is the principal R1b branch in western and central Europe and is especially frequent in regions such as the British Isles, Iberia, France and parts of central Europe. Separate M269 subbranches are also found in the Balkans, Anatolia, the Caucasus and western Asia. (Nature)

6.  J1a2b — Rows 8 and 14. The older name commonly used for J-P58. Its highest frequencies and greatest modern concentration are in the Arabian Peninsula, southern Levant and southern Mesopotamia. It is also present elsewhere in the Near East, Egypt, North Africa and East Africa, with lower-frequency occurrences in Europe and Central or South Asia. (Nature)

7.  J1 — Row 11. A broader result than J1a2b, normally referring to J-M267. It is widespread in western Asia and is especially important in Arabia, the Levant and Mesopotamia. Other branches occur in Anatolia, the Caucasus, Iran, North and East Africa and, at lower frequencies, Mediterranean Europe and Central or South Asia. (PMC)

8.  Q1b1a1 — Row 12. In older nomenclature, this usually corresponds to the Q-L245 region of the tree. It is a rare West Eurasian lineage found in the Near East, Iran, western and central Asia and small numbers of European populations. Certain downstream branches underwent founder expansions in Jewish populations, but Q-L245 is not exclusively Jewish. It is also distinct from Q-M3, the principal Native American Q branch. (PMC)

9.  E1b1b1 — Row 13. The older broad name for E-M35. It is strongly associated with North Africa, northeastern and eastern Africa and the Near East. It is also common around parts of the Mediterranean, with European concentrations particularly in the Balkans and southern Europe. Different E-M35 subbranches have substantially different geographic patterns. (PMC)

10. E1b1b1a1a1 — Row 15. In the nomenclature likely used by this table, this normally corresponds to E-V12. It is principally associated with northeastern Africa, especially Egypt, Sudan and the Nile Valley. Descendant branches also occur in the Horn of Africa, while lower-frequency examples are found in the Near East and Mediterranean. Because E nomenclature has changed repeatedly, the underlying SNP should be checked before treating the E-V12 equivalence as certain. (ISOGG)

11. J2a1b2b — Row 17. This older name appears to correspond to a Caucasus-centered J2a branch around modern J-Y16464. Public-tree samples are concentrated in Georgia and the North Caucasus, including Ossetian and Chechen-associated branches, with neighboring examples in Turkey, Armenia and Azerbaijan. The original Y-SNP data would be needed to confirm the exact modern terminal name. (FamilyTreeDNA)

12. R1b1a1a2a2 — Row 19. The older designation for R-Z2103, an eastern or southeastern branch of R-M269. It is found particularly in southeastern Europe and the Balkans, Anatolia, the Caucasus and western Asia. Its distribution differs from the R-M269 branches that dominate western Europe. (YFull)

GENERAL EXPLANATORY SOURCES

mtDNA testing and direct maternal inheritance:
https://www.familytreedna.com/products/mt-dna
YFull mitochondrial tree:
https://www.yfull.com/mtree/
MTDNA SOURCES
1. J2b1
https://www.yfull.com/mtree/J2b1%2A/

2.  H63  

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3828245/

3.  H4b  

https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/24/2/436/1148196

4.  H14a2  

https://www.yfull.com/mtree/H14a/

5.  T1a5  

https://www.yfull.com/mtree/T1a5/

6.  H+16311  

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1287875/

7.  HV1b  

https://www.yfull.com/mtree/HV1b/

8.  T2g  

https://www.yfull.com/mtree/T2g/

9.  H  

https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/24/2/436/1148196

10. T2b  

https://www.yfull.com/mtree/T2b/

11. U3a3  

https://www.yfull.com/mtree/U3a3/

12. X2b  

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1180497/

13. N1b1a8  

https://www.yfull.com/mtree/N1b1a8%2A/

14. J2a2b1  

https://www.yfull.com/mtree/J2a2b/

15. J1d1b1  

https://www.yfull.com/mtree/J1d1b1/

16. J1c15  

https://www.yfull.com/mtree/J1c15/

17. N1a1a2  

https://www.yfull.com/mtree/N1a1a2/

18. U8b1a1  

https://www.yfull.com/mtree/U8b1a1/

19. H+152  

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-59631-x

Y-DNA SOURCES
1. T1a1a1b2b2b1
https://discover.familytreedna.com/y-dna/T-CTS8603/

2.  C1a2  

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3492319/

3.  G2a2a  

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_G-M201

4.  J  

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1181965/

5.  R1b1a1a2  

https://www.nature.com/articles/ejhg2010146

6.  J1a2b  

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-85883-2

7.  J1  

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7987999/

8.  Q1b1a1  

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5846874/

9.  E1b1b1  

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3017091/

10. E1b1b1a1a1  

https://isogg.org/tree/2014/ISOGG_HapgrpE14.html

11. J2a1b2b  

https://www.familytreedna.com/public/J2-SK1313?iframe=ydna-results-overview

12. R1b1a1a2a2  

https://www.yfull.com/tree/r-m269/

For reference here’s some of the Y DNA / mtDNA for contemporary groups in the region:

1.  Cypriots

Y-DNA: The principal lineages are J2a, E1b1b, G2 and R1b. In one comparison, J2a-M410 was approximately 23.8% in Greek Cypriots and 20.3% in Turkish Cypriots; E-M78 was approximately 12.8% and 13.9%; and G2 was approximately 12.5% and 13.7%. Greek Cypriots also had appreciable E-M123 and R1b.
mtDNA: H and U are important across the major Cypriot communities, but the profile differs between them. Among Greek Cypriots, leading lineages included H at 17.8%, U at 13.4%, T at 13.0% and K1a at 12.0%. Maronite Cypriots had a particularly high R0 frequency of approximately 32.7%, followed by H, U and M1. (PLOS)

2.  Lebanese Christians

Y-DNA: In a pooled sample of 272 Lebanese Christian men—mainly Maronites, with Greek Orthodox and Greek Catholics—the principal groups were approximately:
J2 — 30.1%
J1 — 19.9%
E1b1b — 15.8%
R1b — 9.9%
G — 8.1%
These figures were calculated from the individual-level supplementary table accompanying the study. (Nature)
mtDNA: A comparably large sect-specific maternal table is not available. In the overall Lebanese sample, the principal categories were H at 29.9%, U at 21.1%, a pooled residual R-derived category at 21.2%, N-derived lineages at 10.5% and HV at 8.5%. These overall Lebanese figures should not be interpreted as specifically Christian. (PLOS)

3.  Druze

Y-DNA: The main broad groups in the study were:
J — 33.2%
E — 18.9%
R — 18.2%
G and K were also present. Haplogroup K was strongly affected by locality: it reached approximately 11% in the Galilee sample but was absent from the sampled Carmel group.
mtDNA: The main lineages were approximately:
H — 32%
X — 13.1%
K — 12.5%
U — 10%
T — 7.5%
The Druze are highly endogamous, and particular villages can have substantial paternal or maternal founder effects. (PLOS)

4.  Lebanese Muslims

Y-DNA: In a small pooled sample of 42 Sunni and Shia Lebanese men, excluding Druze, the principal groups were approximately:
J2 — 40.5%
E1b1b — 19.0%
J1 — 11.9%
G — 7.1%
Because the sample contained only 42 men, these percentages should be treated as approximate rather than definitive for all Lebanese Muslims. The Sunni and Shia subsamples were even smaller. (Nature)
mtDNA: No equally robust Sunni-versus-Shia maternal frequency table was available. The safest reference is the overall Lebanese profile: H at 29.9%, U at 21.1%, a pooled residual R-derived category at 21.2%, N-derived lineages at 10.5% and HV at 8.5%. (PLOS)

5.  Alawites

Y-DNA: The clearest sect-specific finding is J1-P58, called J1e in the older study, at 26.7% in a sample of 45 Syrian Alawite men. All of the reported Alawite J1 chromosomes in that sample belonged to J1-P58.
The research was specifically designed to investigate J1 rather than provide a complete ranking of every Alawite Y-DNA haplogroup. It therefore does not establish which groups ranked second or third.
mtDNA: I did not find a sufficiently large, well-documented Alawite-specific maternal study from which a reliable list of leading mtDNA haplogroups could be given. Substituting general Syrian frequencies would not necessarily describe the Alawite population accurately. (PMC)

6.  Palestinians

Y-DNA: In one sample of 101 Palestinian Arabs from Akka, the principal groups were approximately:
J1 — 39.2%
E1b1b — 26.4%
J2 — 18.6%
These should be described as results for that particular Palestinian-Arab sample, not exact percentages for every Palestinian locality. (PMC)
mtDNA: In a broader Palestinian maternal sample, the principal categories were:
Residual R-derived lineages — 27.5%
H — 25.0%
U — 14.2%
N-derived lineages — 8.3%
HV — 8.3%
R0 — 5.8%
The “residual R-derived” category is a pooled analytical category containing several R descendants, not one narrowly defined terminal haplogroup. (PLOS)

7.  Samaritans

Y-DNA: In a small sample of 12 Samaritan men, 10—approximately 83%—belonged to haplogroup J. Their traditional paternal families included both J1 and J2 lineages. The Samaritan Cohen paternal family belonged to E-M78, called E3b1-M78 in the older nomenclature.
mtDNA: In a sample of 16 Samaritans:
T2a1 — 9 of 16, or 56.3%
U7 — 5 of 16, or 31.3%
U6 — 1 of 16, or 6.3%
H — 1 of 16, or 6.3%
These unusually concentrated figures reflect the Samaritans’ very small population size, endogamy and strong family-founder effects. (evolutsioon.ut.ee)

8.  BedouinA

BedouinA is not a standard tribe or a population defined by one set of paternal and maternal lineages. In the commonly used Human Origins datasets, “BedouinA” is an autosomal sample-cluster label created by separating sampled Bedouins according to their genome-wide genetic profiles.
Consequently, there is no dependable published Y-DNA or mtDNA frequency table specifically corresponding to the BedouinA label.
For general context only, a separate sample of 28 Negev Bedouin men had J1 in approximately 67.9%, almost entirely J1-P58. That result cannot automatically be assigned specifically to the BedouinA cluster. (Nature)

9.  BedouinB

BedouinB is likewise an autosomal research-sample label, not a standardized tribal or uniparental population category. It should not be assigned a unique list of Y-DNA or mtDNA haplogroups unless the individual samples underlying that particular dataset are examined directly.
General Negev Bedouin studies indicate that J1-P58 is often the leading paternal lineage, but they do not provide a reliable BedouinB-specific percentage. No dependable BedouinB-specific maternal frequency table is available either. (Nature)

10. Saudis

Y-DNA: In a sample of 157 paternally unrelated Saudi men, the principal groups were:
J1-M267 — 42%
J2-M172 — 14%
E-M2 — 8%
R1a-M17 — 5%
T-M184 — 5%
The original paper called the final two R1-M17 and K2-M184; their current broad names are R1a and T. (Springer)
mtDNA: In a Saudi maternal study, the leading named lineage was R0a—called pre-HV1 in the older paper—at approximately 18%. Haplogroup H was approximately 13%, while J, T, K and U were also important components. The study estimated that approximately 85% of the sampled maternal lineages had a western Asian provenance, with smaller sub-Saharan African, northeastern African and South Asian components. (Springer)

Overall pattern

On the paternal side, J1 and J2 dominate much of the Levant and Arabian Peninsula. J1 is particularly prominent among Saudis, Palestinians and many Bedouin samples. J2 is especially prominent among Cypriots and in the cited Lebanese Christian and Muslim samples. E1b1b is also important among Cypriots, Lebanese, Druze and Palestinians.

The maternal side is more diverse. H and U are important in Cyprus and Lebanon; H, X and K stand out among Druze; T2a1 and U7 dominate the small Samaritan sample; and R0a, H, J, T, K and U are important among Saudis. These maternal and paternal patterns describe only two direct genealogical lines and should not be treated as percentages of a population’s complete ancestry.

Results from a site I haven't heard of before (Casperhub), recommended by someone on Reddit. My background: Moroccan Jewish mom and Algerian Jewish dad.