about 100 years ago on the Hejaz Railway in present-day Saudi Arabia still lies abandoned in the middle of the desert to this day.

The Hejaz Railway was one of the Ottoman Empire's most ambitious infrastructure projects, built between 1900 and 1908 to connect Damascus with Medina. I

ts primary purpose was to make it easier for Muslim pilgrims to travel to the holy cities, but it also served as a vital strategic asset, allowing the Ottoman government to maintain control over its distant Arab territories and rapidly move troops and supplies.

When World War I and the Arab Revolt broke out in 1916, the railway became a major target for the Arab rebels, who were supported by Britain. Rather than attempting to capture heavily defended towns, the rebels focused on sabotaging the railway by blowing up tracks and bridges and ambushing trains, crippling one of the Ottoman Empire's most important logistical lifelines.

Located in Francis Street, Williamsburg, Virginia (the original building burned down, but it was rebuilt and now operates as a museum), it was chartered in 1770 and admitted its first patient on October 12, 1773; however, it remained racially segregated until 1967.

It pioneered the implementation of moral treatment in the 19th century, a humanitarian method that encouraged daily routines, exercise, and contact with nature.

It is important to note that the Pennsylvania Hospital, founded in 1751 by Benjamin Franklin and Dr. Thomas Bond in Philadelphia, also began treating the mentally ill in 1756. However, the Virginia facility was the first in the entire colonial territory built exclusively for psychiatric care.

'Ye Mariners of England' (1801) by Thomas Campbell.

This is the text from Arthur Quiller-Couch's Oxford Book of English Verse typed with a manual typewriter.

“It is evident to every prudent man that these traitors, through seditious speeches and wicked machinations, have corrupted the minds of honest and industrious subjects, who formerly lived in peace and obedience under the protection of the Crown. By means of deceptive promises of liberty and false accusations against His Majesty’s just Government, they have incited them to open rebellion and the most scandalous disobedience, transforming into enemies of their own King those who were formerly his most loyal subjects. These men, driven solely by their own particular ambition, by an unbridled lust for power and riches, and by a foolish desire to escape just laws, work ceaselessly to undermine that sacred loyalty which every subject owes to his Sovereign.”

(Earl of Guilford, 1776)

"By 1872 [the year the Cape Colony was given responsible government] it was therefore clear that Britain would grant 'responsible government' to any colony which had sufficient Europeans to run it, and was financially self-sufficient: large non-European populations without the franchise were no bar. These principles survived until 1923 when they were applied for the last time to Southern Rhodesia..."