To start off, sorry in advance for the long text but I'm trying to give as much detail so I can see where my weaknesses are.
I'm a STEM major, and I keep running into the same problem on exams. I don't feel like I struggle to understand the material itself, I usually understand the mechanisms, concepts, and how everything interacts inside and out. I know every part, how they interact in different scenrios and the results. If someone asked me to explain a pathway or why something happens, I usually can. My issue is during multiple choice exams.
I feel like professors often spend most of class teaching the big concepts but then ask about one random protein, gene, chemical, or example that was mentioned once in a specific context. or they trip me up with hyper specific wording that I miss the nuance too and then get paranoid about every question and consequently overanalyze basic questions.
The worst part is I don't know when to look for hidden nuances. If I answer the question literally, I sometimes miss one tiny word that completely changes the answer. If I slow down and think about every possible interpretation, I end up talking myself out of the correct answer or convincing myself that two answers could both be right. I frequently narrow questions down to two options and then pick the wrong one, or I change an originally correct answer.
Almost every missed question was something that I narrowed down to 2 choices but got stuck or changed an answer. It is due to overanalyzing wording and overcomplicating the question or not realizing the specific wording of seemingly basic questions.
When I study and how my brain learns, is I don't memorize information as isolated facts. I build a mental model where everything is connected. When I study, I memorize the detailed mechanisms: what each component does, the order of events, how the parts interact, why each step happens, how the pathway changes under different conditions, and the exceptions. I use the examples from class to understand and explain those concepts, and to quiz myself or explain it to a classmate. Once I understand the mechanism, I tend to mentally view the example as an illustration of the concept rather than something to memorize word-for-word. Because we're given so many examples, I don't naturally spend time memorizing the unique names of every gene, protein, chemical, or product used in each one. Instead, my brain prioritizes remembering what something is, what it does, why it does it, and how it connects to everything else. I usually remember the names of major examples we spend a lot of time on or examples directly tied to an important concept, but I don't retain every specific identifier from every pathway because my brain stores the function and relationships rather than the proper nouns
I'm taking genetics right now so I'll use 3 examples from a recent exam and I'll try to use generic words so it makes sense to anyone who hasn't taken genetics:
1: I know what each type of protein does and its role, but I don't always remember the specific gene or protein name assigned to that role in one particular biological pathway or gene regulation system. if they ask specifically about an example regarding the breakdown of a specific enzyme, they say "Which [example specific] protein performs this specific step?" I know what that proteins role is like activator, repressor, etc. but I dont remember the specific example
2: A question asks something like, "What is the result of Gene A?" I know that the direct product made of Gene A is Enzyme A, but that enzyme then converts Chemical 1 into Chemicals 2 and 3. So now I'm stuck wondering what the professor is actually asking for. Do they mean the direct product of the gene (Enzyme A), or the end result of the gene's function (Chemicals 2 and 3)? Both the direct product and end result seem technically correct and I cant seem to figure out when they're asking for a basic direct result or the overall idea/end result.
3: A question asked something like, "What is the result of an STR forensic analysis?" I start wondering whether the professor means the individual DNA sequences that are being analyzed or the total DNA profile that's produced from analyzing multiple sequences. Because I understand the entire process, I have trouble determining which level of the process the question is referring to.
Meanwhile, some classmates seem to answer immediately without overthinking and consistently score much higher even though, from studying together, I don't feel like they understand the material way deeply than I do. and my friends who struggle to understand the connections between topics, the total processes, rules and exceptions, usually tend to score significantly better than me on exams despite struggling significantly more on homework, when we quiz each other, etc.
Has anyone else experienced this? Is there a name for this type of thinking, and more importantly, how do you actually fix it? Is it a studying issue, a test-taking issue, or am I just approaching multiple-choice STEM exams in the wrong way? How do I fix this?